Facts and History of Turkey

Realities and History of Turkey At the intersection among Europe and Asia, Turkey is an interesting nation. Ruled by Greeks, Persians, and Romans thus all through the old style time, what is currently Turkey was at one time the seat of the Byzantine Empire. In the eleventh century, be that as it may, Turkish travelers from Central Asia moved into the locale, progressively vanquishing all of Asia Minor. To begin with, the Seljuk and afterward the Ottoman Turkish Empires came to control, applying impact over a significant part of the eastern Mediterranean world, and carrying Islam to southeast Europe. After the Ottoman Empire fell in 1918, Turkey changed itself into the energetic, modernizing, common state it is today. Capital and Major Cities Capital: Ankara, populace 4.8 million Significant Cities: Istanbul, 13.26 million Izmir, 3.9 million Bursa, 2.6 million Adana, 2.1 million Gaziantep, 1.7 million Legislature of Turkey The Republic of Turkey is a parliamentary majority rule government. Every single Turkish resident beyond 18 years old reserve the option to cast a ballot. The head of state is the president, right now Recep Tayyip Erdoäÿan. The PM is head of government; Binali Yä ±ldä ±rä ±mis the current PM. Since 2007, leaders of Turkey are legitimately chosen, and the president chooses the head administrator. Turkey has a unicameral (one house) council, called the Grand National Assembly or Turkiye Buyuk Millet Meclisi, with 550 legitimately chose individuals. Parliament individuals serve four-year terms. The legal part of government in Turkey is somewhat muddled. It incorporates the Constitutional Court, the Yargitay or High Court of Appeals, the Council of State (Danistay), the Sayistay or Court of Accounts, and military courts. In spite of the fact that the mind larger part of Turkish residents are Muslims, the Turkish state is firmly common. The non-strict nature of Turkish government has verifiably been implemented by the military since the Republic of Turkey was established as a common state in 1923 by General Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. Turkeys Population Starting at 2011, Turkey has an expected 78.8 million residents. Most of them are ethnically Turkish - 70 to 75% of the populace. Kurds make up the biggest minority bunch at 18%; they are packed fundamentally in the eastern segment of the nation and have a long history of squeezing for their own different state. Neighboring Syria and Iraq likewise have huge and unsettled Kurdish populaces - the Kurdish patriots of every one of the three states have required the formation of another country, Kurdistan, at the convergence of Turkey, Iraq, and Syria. Turkey likewise has littler quantities of Greeks, Armenians, and other ethnic minorities. Relations with Greece have been uncomfortable, especially over the issue of Cyprus, while Turkey and Armenia differ energetically over the Armenian Genocide did by Ottoman Turkey in 1915. Dialects The official language of Turkey is Turkish, which is the most generally talked about the dialects in the Turkic family, some portion of the bigger Altaic phonetic gathering. It is identified with Central Asian dialects, for example, Kazakh, Uzbek, Turkmen, and so on. Turkish was composed utilizing the Arabic content until Ataturks changes; as a component of the secularizing procedure, he had another letters in order made that utilizes the Latin letters with a couple of alterations. For instance, a c with a little tail bending underneath it is articulated like the English ch. Kurdish is the biggest minority language in Turkeyâ and is spoken by about 18% of the populace. Kurdish is an Indo-Iranian language, identified with Farsi, Baluchi, Tajik, and so forth. It might be written in the Latin, Arabic or Cyrillic letter sets, contingent on where it is being utilized. Religion in Turkey: Turkey is around 99.8% Muslim. Most Turks and Kurds are Sunni, yet there are likewise significant Alevi and Shia gatherings. Turkish Islam has consistently been unequivocally impacted by the supernatural and beautiful Sufi custom, and Turkey stays a fortification of Sufism. It additionally has little minorities of Christians and Jews. Topography Turkey has a complete territory of 783,562 square kilometers (302,535 square miles). It rides the Sea of Marmara, which partitions southeastern Europe from southwestern Asia. Turkeys little European segment, called Thrace, verges on Greece and Bulgaria. Its bigger Asian bit, Anatolia, outskirts Syria, Iraq, Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia. The restricted Turkish Straits seaway between the two mainlands, including the Dardanelles and the Bosporus Strait, is one of the universes key oceanic sections; it is the main passageway between the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. This reality gives Turkey tremendous geopolitical significance. Anatolia is a prolific level in the west, slowly ascending to rough mountains in the east. Turkey is seismically dynamic, inclined to huge tremors, and furthermore has some surprising landforms, for example, the cone-formed slopes of Cappadocia. Volcanic Mt. Ararat, close to the Turkish outskirt with Iran, is accepted to be the arrival spot of Noahs Ark. It is Turkeys most elevated point, at 5,166 meters (16,949 feet). Atmosphere of Turkey Turkeys coasts have a gentle Mediterranean atmosphere, with warm, dry summers and stormy winters. The climate turns out to be progressively extraordinary in the eastern, rocky area. Most areas of Turkey get a normal of 20-25 inches (508-645 mm) of downpour every year. The most sweltering temperature at any point recorded in Turkey is 119.8â ° F (48.8â ° C) at Cizre. The coldest temperature at any point was - 50 Â °F (- 45.6â ° C) at Agri. Turkish Economy: Turkey is among the main twenty economies on the planet, with a 2010 assessed GDP of $960.5 billion US and a solid GDP development pace of 8.2%. In spite of the fact that agribusiness despite everything represents 30% of occupations in Turkey, the economy depends on mechanical and administration segment yield for its development. For quite a long time a focal point of floor covering making and other material exchange, and an end of the old Silk Road, today Turkey fabricates autos, gadgets and other cutting edge merchandise for send out. Turkey has oil and flammable gas holds. It is likewise a key appropriation point for Middle Eastern and Central Asia oil and gaseous petrol moving to Europe and to ports for send out abroad. The per capita GDP is $12,300 US. Turkey has a joblessness pace of 12%, and over 17% of Turkish residents live beneath the neediness line. As of Januaryâ 2012, the swapping scale for Turkeys money is 1 US dollar 1.837 Turkish lira. History of Turkey Normally, Anatolia had a history before the Turks, yet the locale didn't become Turkey until the Seljuk Turks moved into the region in the eleventh century CE. On August 26, 1071, the Seljuks under Alp Arslan won at the Battle of Manzikert, vanquishing an alliance of Christian militaries drove by the Byzantine Empire. This sound destruction of the Byzantines denoted the start of genuine Turkish power over Anatolia (that is, the Asian part of cutting edge Turkey). The Seljuks didn't hold influence for long, be that as it may. Inside 150 years, another force rose from far to their eastâ and cleared toward Anatolia. Despite the fact that Genghis Khan himself never got to Turkey, his Mongols did. On the 26th of June, 1243, a Mongol armed force directed by Genghiss grandson Hulegu Khan vanquished the Seljuks in the Battle of Kosedagâ and cut down the Seljuk Empire. Hulegus Ilkhanate, one of the extraordinary swarms of the Mongol Empire, governed over Turkey for around eighty years, before disintegrating ceaselessly around 1335 CE. The Byzantines again stated authority over pieces of Anatolia as the Mongol hold debilitated, yet little nearby Turkish realms started to create, also. One of those little realms in the northwestern piece of Anatolia started to extend in the mid fourteenth century. Situated in the city of Bursa, the Ottoman beylik would proceed to vanquish not just Anatolia and Thrace (the European segment of advanced Turkey), yet additionally the Balkans, the Middle East, and inevitably parts of North Africa. In 1453, the Ottoman Empire managed a final knockout to the Byzantine Empire when it caught the capital at Constantinople. The Ottoman Empire arrived at its apogee in the sixteenth century, under the standard of Suleiman the Magnificent. He vanquished quite a bit of Hungary in the north, and as far west as Algeria in northern Africa. Suleiman likewise authorized strict resilience of Christians and Jews inside his domain. During the eighteenth century, the Ottomans started to lose an area around the edges of the domain. With feeble kings on the throneâ and defilement in the once-vaunted Janissary corps, Ottoman Turkey got known as the Sick Man of Europe. By 1913, Greece, the Balkans, Algeria, Libya, and Tunisia had all split away from the Ottoman Empire. At the point when World War I broke out along what had been the limit between the Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Turkey settled on the lethal choice to align itself with the Central Powers (Germany and Austria-Hungary). After the Central Powers lost World War I, the Ottoman realm stopped to exist. The entirety of the non-ethnically Turkish grounds got autonomous, and the triumphant Allies wanted to cut Anatolia itself into ranges of prominence. Be that as it may, a Turkish general named Mustafa Kemal had the option to feed Turkish nationalismâ and remove the outside occupation powers from Turkey appropriate. On November 1, 1922, the Ottoman sultanate was officially nullified. Just about a year later, on October 29, 1923, the Republic of Turkey was announced, with its capital at Ankara. Mustafa Kemal turned into the principal leader of the new common republic. In 1945, Turkey turned into a sanction individual from the new United Nations. (It had stayed unbiased in World War II.) That year likewise denoted the finish of single-party rule in Turkey, which had gone on for a long time. Presently firm

My Bio

My name is Latisha Anderson multi year old local from Raleigh, North Carolina. I moved on from East Carolina University College of Nursing in Greenville, North Carolina in May 2009 with a Bachelors of Science in Nursing. Many state that I am a one of a kind attendant because of the reality I am the primary African American lady to finish a nursing program from a wheelchair. At 17 years old years old I was shot in the neck and deadened from bosom on down. I do have an example of overcoming adversity on line. In the event that you type my complete name Latisha Anderson in Google web crawler and I think on the subsequent inquiry page you will discover a connection with my name and it has the heartbeat magazine interface which is ECU CON graduated class magazine and on page 6 you can peruse my example of overcoming adversity and see me in my standing wheelchair. I found my first occupation at a private mental/synthetic detox program clinic that treats persistent going from ages 5 years of age on up. I began PRN; in this way I had the benefit of taking a shot at all the various units with the distinctive age gatherings. After around a quarter of a year of constant working my ADON offered me a stable situation on the intense inpatient psych unit which housed twelve intense patients. I worked third move and was the charge nurture and the main attendant that worked that unit. I chose to seek after my enthusiasm of needing to serve the individuals who have served my nation. efore I became incapacitated I needed to join the marine corps and I was 37 days from my eighteenth birthday celebration and being enrolled however I became deadened that didn't stop me I simply needed to seek after my objective from an alternate point. I as of now work with the Veteran’s Administration in Augusta, GA. I need to seek after my Masters in Nursing with an Emphasis in Leadership since I need to get an influential position. Attendants are in jobs where they can have a significant contact with ma king arrangements, laws and supporting for their customer in the human services angle in governmental issues.

Trade and labour standards Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Exchange and work norms - Thesis Example Achieving this issue inside the structure of WTO would demonstrate the upgrade of working conditions far and wide. The proposed working gathering would be answerable for examining the exchange and center work guidelines. Many creating just as some created nations anyway contend against this recommendation on the grounds that such center work norms ought to in fact not be a piece of the WTO. Creating countries’ agents contend that such arrangements may oppress the relative bit of leeway of the lower wage in creating countries. Actually the improved working conditions as indicated by the fundamental work principles require high scale enhancements in the foundation of the working environment which is frequently not helpful for a creating country. In a creating country with moderately lower monetary development such requirements of principles would realize destitution and some slip by of time in improving working guidelines. The impulse to adhere to the work principles and the nee d towards work advertise adaptability cooperate to bring out fights and non-helpful methodology of the laborers particularly in countries where political structures supported some voice to the laborers.

The Critical Essays Examples

The Critical Essays ExamplesA critical essay example serves as a guide for writers to improve their writing skills and help them with building their own resume. This kind of document is written for the purpose of providing a template for the writer to use as a starting point for the material that they are going to create. Critical essays examples are available online.The authors of the examples would have been highly competent writers. For this reason, the documents written by them are well-written and easy to understand. Most of the examples serve as a guide to help the writer build their own resume.There are many sources that are used for the critical essays examples. There are many tools that are available, all of which help the writer develop their skills in writing. In most cases, the examples provide good examples to help the writers develop a portfolio of writing projects. Writing is not always an easy job, but it is always a source of pleasure for those who have the ability t o learn new things.The critical essays examples can help with the writing of essays, dissertations, and articles. The examples are not written for the purpose of providing examples of writing. The writers of the examples use them as a way to stimulate their own writing abilities. If a writer uses the examples to polish their own writing, they can develop a portfolio of writing projects.As mentioned above, there are a number of resources that are used for the critical essays examples. The examples are written in a way that targets the readers of the information. Some of the information in the examples includes things such as style and vocabulary.The examples are written in a way that targets the readers of the information. If the information that is contained in the examples is well-written, it will be appreciated by the readers. When there is only a little improvement in the writing of the articles or essays, the author will be praised. However, when the writing is improved, the aut hor will be paid a lot of money. There are a number of people who work in publishing houses who use the examples for the same purpose.A writer can improve their writing skills by writing the examples. The writing can help the writer to be in control of the style and the vocabulary of the writing. The writing can help the writer to develop their own writing style. There are many authors who use the examples as a way to polish their own writing. When the examples are well-written, they provide the readers with a source of information that can improve their own writing skills.

Analysis Of The Absurd - 1184 Words

The Absurd It is safe to say the idea of absurdism can be linked to meaningless, and other such words that express a destination without the means to there and vice versa. In Camus’ famous fictional novel, he shows how one’s perception of life can be effected when faced with death. The Stranger reflects Camus’ philosophical stance on absurdism. There is no truth, no certainty, or any unwavering, non-relative laws in life. There is no sense in pursuing impossibilities. But if life is in a sense pointless, why continue living? It seems as if Meursault does not want himself to be happy. This can be assumed from reading the text. More specifically from chapter six of the Stranger on pages forty-seven through fifty- nine. He could have had new job which would have paid substantially more in Paris, a loving girlfriend whom wanted to marry him despite his flaws, and seemingly reliable and trustworthy friends. Meursault had so many doors open for him filled with opportunities but he throws all his chances of happiness away once he murders the Arab man on the beach. Existence can be categorized as standing out or doing something that sets you aside from others and the environment. Meursault’s only desire was to be free from hope because hope meant that there was a disconnection between who he should’ve been and who he actually was. His only wish was to almost blend into his environment or in other words become invisible to society so he didn’t have to be who the rest of the worldShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Absurd By Albert Camus1649 Words   |  7 Pagesremains—what is the point? The contradiction between searching for order, reason or existential purpose and the inability to find any type of purpose in an essentially meaningless and indifferent universe is what French philosopher, Albert Camus, considered â€Å"Absurd.† Any hopeful searching for concrete meanings is met with the discouraging and disheartening realization that there are no true meanings. For many of us, the idea of the world being made with no fated purpose or that any individual effort made towardRead MoreThe Paper of the Absurd: a Literary Analysis of the Stranger1772 Words   |  8 PagesThe Paper of the Absurd: A Literary Analysis of The Stranger By: Michael Lovett Advanced Placement English Language and Compositions 5th Period 13th of December, 2010 Michael Lovett In Albert Camus’ existential novel The Stranger, the pointlessness of life and existence is exposed and expounded upon in such a manner that the entire foundation of spirituality is shaken. The concept that drives this novel is one coined by Albert Camus himself, the â€Å"absurd†. Under the absurd, life is pointlessRead MoreSummary Of Marrying Absurd By Joan Didion987 Words   |  4 PagesIn the story â€Å"Marrying Absurd,† Joan Didion scrutinizes the Las Vegas wedding industry critically with the analysis of how ludicrous Las Vegas wedding industry has become. In her articulations, Didion portrays to the readers how cheap the wedding industry is making a mockery of the sanctification of the marriage. Didion applies various effective techniques and details to pass her impression of Las Vegas giving her opinions on its values within the marriage environment. The essay explains the DidionRead MoreMortal Questions By Thomas Nagel1126 Words   |  5 PagesMost p eople who view their lives in the objective perspective support the view that life is absurd. In his book, Mortal Questions, Thomas Nagel concentrates on this popular belief and attempts to debunk the claims for the absurdity of human existence. In this paper, I will address one of the arguments that Nagel possess against these points. In addition, I will also explain Nagel’s purpose, his beliefs on the subjective and objective points of view, and how that affects individuals when they areRead MoreKierkegaard And Communism1747 Words   |  7 Pagesreligious. The study of Kierkegaardian philosophy and themes within the Soviet Union and Communism may seem misguided due to the dissimilarities between the two philosophies, but thanks to academics such as Andrà ¡s Nagy and Lev Shestov, the Kierkegaardian analysis of the Soviet ideology and Communism is possible, at least with regard to the genesis of Soviet communism. Due to Kierkegaard’s shared anti-Hegelianism with Marx and Communism, some Russian thinkers and revolutionaries such as Nikolai Berdyaev andRead MoreEssay about The Absurdity of Kafkas The Trial890 Words   |  4 Pagesbearucratic absurdities illustrated so diligently by Kafka in our every day life, and through no fault but our society, history, or cultures effect on our lives. Once I had established this I could then be able to synthesize the alliteration of the absurd that Kafka presents from the examples that we are faced with in our lives. Franz Kafkas The Trial is a fictional account of a man who is indicted to a crime that in all actuality has not occurred, or if it has Josef K. (the stories main character)Read MoreCamus Argument That Life Is Meaningless Essay1113 Words   |  5 Pagesdraw a parallel between Sisyphus and the modern day human being. Much like Sisyphus, people spend their days performing simple tasks that accomplish nothing. â€Å"The workman of today works everyday in his life at the same tasks, and his fate is no less absurd. But it is tragic only at the rare moments when it becomes conscious,† (Camus 6). For example, I woke up this morning, ate breakfast and went to class. In class I sat through a lecture on art history but if one thinks logically the information thatRead MoreCharacter Analysis of Harold Pinters the Caretaker774 Words   |  4 PagesErlina Suwardi 2009-031-055 Character Analysis of Harold Pinter’s The Caretaker In drama, characters play a dominant role in order to present the scenes. Whether good or bad the characters are, they are the ones who make the play and without them, there will be no play can be presented. In this play , there are only three characters, the brothers, which are Aston and Mick, and the old tramp, Davies. It begins with Aston who brings Davies to his place owned by his brother, Mick. Aston allowsRead More Albert Camus The Myth of Sisyphus Essays814 Words   |  4 PagesAlbert Camus The Myth of Sisyphus Albert Camus essay, The Myth Of Sisyphus is an insightful analysis of the classic work, The Myth Of Sisyphus. In some regards Camus view of Sisyphus can seem quite accurate and in tune with the original text, but based on Camus interpretation of the justness of Sisyphus punishment, it is clear that the writer has some different ideas as well. Camus concludes that this punishment does not have the effect the Gods had intended, and ultimately theRead MoreAbsurd Self Fulfillment By Joel Feinberg1538 Words   |  7 PagesFor this essay, I will be examining the article â€Å"Absurd Self-Fulfillment,† written by Joel Feinberg. I will be pinpointing the central conclusion of this article, as well as the argument’s premises and the article’s central argument. I will also explain how the article relates to the film Being John Malkovich, and finally the school of philosophy, which we call â€Å"existentialism† and three of its central tenets. In the article â€Å"Absurd Self-Fulfillment,† Feinberg offers his readers a close up examination

The Rise Of The Mid Size Farmer Essay - 878 Words

In an increasingly globalized world, productivity and efficiency is crucial to the survival of agricultural businesses. Today, a smaller number of farms produce an increasingly larger amount of produce. Since 1920, the average farm size has grown over 300 percent (Ikred). Productivity is at an all time high, and in recent years the U.S. has had a â€Å"tremendous increase in international agricultural trade (Brown, 2011, p. 168).† For consumers around the world, this means cheaper, more accessible food, which is crucial for a rising world population with limited resources. However, the mid-size farmer is diminishing in number. We will look at what trends are causing the downfall of the mid-size farmer. What this means for rural communities, and whether or not these trends are inevitable. According to the United States Department of Agriculture, 3.2 million farmers operate the nation s 2.1 million farms. Although only 2 percent of the farms in America are operated by large corporations (2012 Census Highlights), they produce a considerable amount of the nation’s food supply. Large scale operation enables these major corporations to cut production cost, allowing these businesses to sell their product a lower market price. These low prices make it very difficult for smaller farm operations to compete. Inability to compete causes many traditional farmers and farm families to look for additional means of income, or even completely different means of employment. Another trend drivingShow MoreRelatedWhat Caused the Dust Bowl?753 Words   |  4 PagesMay 16, 2013 Core 2 The early 1900s were a time of turmoil for farmers in the United States, especially in the Great Plains region. After the end of World War I, overproduction by farmers resulted in low prices for crops. When farmers first came to the Midwest, they farmed as much wheat as they could because of the high prices and demand. 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Between 1962 and 1980 the catastrophe of he Great Leap Forward was follow by a baby boom in the mid 1960 and the economy was on its way to recovery. Around the 1970’s

Internet Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Internet Argumentative Essay Computer Science Government Intervention of the Internet During the past decade, our society has become based solely on the ability to move large amounts of information across large distances quickly. Computerization has influenced everyones life. The natural evolution of computers and this need for ultra-fast communications has caused a global network of interconnected computers to develop. This global net allows a person to send E-mail across the world in mere fractions of a second, and enables even the common person to access information world-wide. With advances such as software that allows users with a sound card to use the Internet as a carrier for long distance voice calls and video conferencing, this network is key to the future of the knowledge society. At present, this net is the epitome of the first amendment: free speech. It is a place where people can speak their mind without being reprimanded for what they say, or how they choose to say it. The key to the world-wide suc cess of the Internet is its protection of free speech, not only in America, but in other countries where free speech is not protected by a constitution. To be found on the Internet is a huge collection of obscene graphics, Anarchists cookbooks and countless other things that offend some people. With over 30 million Internet users in the U.S. alone (only 3 million of which surf the net from home), everything is bound to offend someone. The newest wave of laws floating through law making bodies around the world threatens to stifle this area of spontaneity. Recently, Congress has been considering passing laws that will make it a crime punishable by jail to send vulgar language over the net, and to export encryption software. No matter how small, any attempt at government intervention in the Internet will stifle the greatest communication innovation of this century. The government wants to maintain control over this new form of communication, and they are trying to use the protection of children as a smoke screen to pass laws that will allow them to regulate and censor the Internet, while banning techniques that could eliminate the need for regulation. Censorship of the Internet threatens to destroy its freelance atmosphere, while wide spread encryption could help prevent the need for government intervention. The current body of laws existing today in America does not apply well to the Internet. Is the Internet like a bookstore, where servers cannot be expected to review every title? Is it like a phone company who must ignore what it carries because of privacy? Is it like a broadcasting medium, where the government monitors what is broadcast? The trouble is that the Internet can be all or none of these things depending on how its used. The Internet cannot be viewed as one type of transfer medium under current broadcast definitions. The Internet differs from broadcasting media in that one cannot just happen upon a vulgar site without first entering a complicated ad dress, or following a link from another source. The Internet is much more like going into a book store and choosing to look at adult magazines. (Miller 75). Jim Exon, a democratic senator from Nebraska, wants to pass a decency bill regulating the Internet. If the bill passes, certain commercial servers that post pictures of unclad beings, like those run by Penthouse or Playboy, would of course be shut down immediately or risk prosecution. The same goes for any amateur web site that features nudity, sex talk, or rough language. Posting any dirty words in a Usenet discussion group, which occurs routinely, could make one liable for a $50,000 fine and six months in jail. Even worse, if a magazine that commonly runs some of those nasty words in its pages, The New Yorker for instance, decided to post its contents on-line, its leaders would be held responsible for a $100,000 fine and two years in jail. Why does it suddenly become illegal to post something that has been legal for years in p rint? Exons bill apparently would also criminalize private mail, I can call my brother on the phone and say anythingbut if I say it on the Internet, its illegal (Levy 53). Congress, in their pursuit of regulations, seems to have overlooked the fact that the majority of the adult material on the Internet comes from overseas. Although many U.S. government sources helped fund Arpanet, the predecessor to the Internet, they no longer control it. Many of the new Internet technologies, including the World Wide Web, have come from overseas. There is no clear boundary between information held in the U.S. and information stored in other countries. Data held in foreign computers is just as accessible as data in America, all it takes is the click of a mouse to access. Even if our government tried to regulate the Internet, we have no control over what is posted in other countries, and we have no practical way to stop it. The Internets predecessor was originally designed to uphold communications after a nuclear attack by rerouting data to compensate for destroyed telephone lines and servers. Todays Internet still works on a similar design. The very nature this design allows the Internet to overcome any kind of barriers put in its way. If a major line between two servers, say in two countries, is cut, then the Internet users will find another way around this obstacle. This obstacle avoidance makes it virtually impossible to separate an entire nation from indecent information in other countries. If it was physically possible to isolate Americas computers from the rest of the world, it would be devastating to our economy. Recently, a major university attempted to regulate what types of Internet access its students had, with results reminiscent of a 1960s protest. A research associate at Carnegie Mellon University conducted a study of pornography on the schools computer networks. Martin Rimm put together quite a large picture collection (917,410 images) and he also tracked how often each image had been downloaded (a total of 6.4 million). Pictures of similar content had recently been declared obscene by a local court, and the school feared they might be held responsible for the content of its network. The school administration quickly removed access to all these pictures, and to the newsgroups where most of this obscenity is suspected to come from. A total of 80 newsgroups were removed, causing a large disturbance among the student body, the American Civil Liberties Union, and the Electronic Frontier Foundation, all of whom felt this was unconstitutional. After only half a week, the college had backed down, and restored the newsgroups. This is a tiny example of what may happen if the government tries to impose censorship (Elmer-Dewitt 102). Currently, there is software being released that promises to block childrens access to known X-rated Internet newsgroups and sites. However, since most adults rely on their computer literate children to setup these pr ograms, the children will be able to find ways around them. This mimics real life, where these children would surely be able to get their hands on an adult magazine. Regardless of what types of software or safeguards are used to protect the children of the Information age, there will be ways around them. This necessitates the education of the children to deal with reality. Altered views of an electronic world translate easily into altered views of the real world. When it comes to our children, censorship is a far less important issue than good parenting. We must teach our kids that the Internet is a extension and a reflection of the real world, and we have to show them how to enjoy the good things and avoid the bad things. This isnt the governments responsibility. Its ours (Miller 76). Not all restrictions on electronic speech are bad. Most of the major on-line communication companies have restrictions on what their users can say. They must respect their customers privacy, however. Private E-mail content is off limits to them, but they may act swiftly upon anyone who spouts obscenities in a public forum. Self regulation by users and servers is the key to avoiding government imposed intervention. Many on-line sites such as Playboy and Penthouse have started to regulated themselves. Both post clear warnings that adult content lies ahead and lists the countries where this is illegal. The film and videogame industries subject themselves to ratings, and if Internet users want to avoid government imposed regulations, then it is time they begin to regulate themselves. It all boils down to protecting children from adult material, while protecting the first amendment right to free speech between adults. Government attempts to regulate the Internet are not just limited to obscenity and vulgar language, it also reaches into other areas, such as data encryption. By nature, the Internet is an insecure method of transferring data. A single E-mail packet may pass through hun dreds of computers from its source to destination. At each computer, there is the chance that the data will be archived and someone may intercept that data. Credit card numbers are a frequent target of hackers. Encryption is a means of encoding data so that only someone with the proper key can decode it. Why do you need PGP (encryption)? Its personal. Its private. And its no ones business but yours. You may be planning a political campaign, discussing our taxes, or having an illicit affair. Or you may be doing something that you feel shouldnt be illegal, but is. Whatever it is, you dont want your private electronic mail (E-mail) or confidential documents read by anyone else. Theres nothing wrong with asserting your privacy. Privacy is as apple-pie as the Constitution. Perhaps you think your E-mail is legitimate enough that encryption is unwarranted. If you really are a law-abiding citizen with nothing to hide, then why dont you always send your paper mail on postcards? Why not submi t to drug testing on demand? Why require a warrant for police searches of your house? Are you trying to hide something? You must be a subversive or a drug dealer if you hide your mail inside envelopes. Or maybe a paranoid nut. Do law-abiding citizens have any need to encrypt their E-mail? What if everyone believed that law-abiding citizens should use postcards for their mail? If some brave soul tried to assert his privacy by using an envelope for his mail, it would draw suspicion. Perhaps the authorities would open his mail to see what hes hiding. Fortunately, we dont live in that kind of world, because everyone protects most of their mail with envelopes. So no one draws suspicion by asserting their privacy with an envelope. Theres safety in numbers. Analogously, it would be nice if everyone routinely used encryption for all their E-mail, innocent or not, so that no one drew suspicion by asserting their E-mail privacy with encryption. Think of it as a form of solidarity (Zimmerman). Until the development of the Internet, the U.S. government controlled most new encryption techniques. With the development of faster home computers and a worldwide web, they no longer hold control over encryption. New algorithms have been discovered that are reportedly uncrackable even by the FBI and the NSA. This is a major concern to the government because they want to maintain the ability to conduct wiretaps, and other forms of electronic surveillance into the digital age. To stop the spread of data encryption software, the U.S. government has imposed very strict laws on its exportation. One very well known example of this is the PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) scandal. PGP was written by Phil Zimmerman, and is based on public key encryption. This system uses complex algorithms to produce two codes, one for encoding and one for decoding. To send an encoded message to someone, a copy of that persons public key is needed. The sender uses this public key to encrypt the data, and the reci pient uses their private key to decode the message. As Zimmerman was finishing his program, he heard about a proposed Senate bill to ban cryptography. This prompted him to release his program for free, hoping that it would become so popular that its use could not be stopped. One of the original users of PGP posted it to an Internet site, where anyone from any country could download it, causing a federal investigator to begin investigating Phil for violation of this new law. As with any new technology, this program has allegedly been used for illegal purposes, and the FBI and NSA are believed to be unable to crack this code. When told about the illegal uses of him programs, Zimmerman replies: If I had invented an automobile, and was told that criminals used it to rob banks, I would feel bad, too. But most people agree the benefits to society that come from automobiles taking the kids to school, grocery shopping and such outweigh their drawbacks. (Levy 56). Currently, PGP can be dow nloaded from MIT. They have a very complicated system that changes the location on the software to be sure that they are protected. All that needs to be done is click YES to four questions dealing with exportation and use of the program, and it is there for the taking. This seems to be a lot of trouble to protect a program from spreading that is already world wide. The government wants to protect their ability to legally wiretap, but what good does it do them to stop encryption in foreign countries? They cannot legally wiretap someone in another country, and they sure cannot ban encryption in the U.S. The government has not been totally blind to the need for encryption. For nearly two decades, a government sponsored algorithm, Data Encryption Standard (DES), has been used primarily by banks. The government always maintained the ability to decipher this code with their powerful supercomputers. Now that new forms of encryption have been devised that the government cant decipher, they are proposing a new standard to replace DES. This new standard is called Clipper, and is based on the public key algorithms. Instead of software, Clipper is a microchip that can be incorporated into just about anything (Television, Telephones, etc.). This algorithm uses a much longer key that is 16 million times more powerful than DES. It is estimated that todays fastest computers would take 400 billion years to break this code using every possible key. (Lehrer 378). The catch: At the time of manufacture, each Clipper chip will be loaded with its own unique key, and the Government gets to keep a copy, placed in escrow. Not to worry, though the Government promises that they will use these keys to read your traffic only when duly authorized by law. Of course, to make Clipper completely effective, the next logical step would be to outlaw other forms of cryptography (Zimmerman). If privacy is outlawed, only outlaws will have privacy. Intelligence agencies have access to good cryptograph ic technology. So do the big arms and drug traffickers. So do defense contractors, oil companies, and other corporate giants. But ordinary people and grassroots political organizations mostly have not had access to affordable military grade public-key cryptographic technology. Until now. PGP empowers people to take their privacy into their own hands. Theres a growing social need for it. Thats why I wrote it (Zimmerman). The most important benefits of encryption have been conveniently overlooked by the government. If everyone used encryption, there would be absolutely no way that an innocent bystander could happen upon something they choose not to see. Only the intended receiver of the data could decrypt it (using public key cryptography, not even the sender can decrypt it) and view its contents. Each coded message also has an encrypted signature verifying the senders identity. The senders secret key can be used to encrypt an enclosed signature message, thereby signing it. This creat es a digital signature of a message, which the recipient (or anyone else) can check by using the senders public key to decrypt it. This proves that the sender was the true originator of the message, and that the message has not been subsequently altered by anyone else, because the sender alone possesses the secret key that made that signature. Forgery of a signed message is infeasible, and the sender cannot later disavow his signature(Zimmerman). Gone would be the hate mail that causes many problems, and gone would be the ability to forge a document with someone elses address. The government, if it did not have alterior motives, should mandate encryption, not outlaw it. As the Internet continues to grow throughout the world, more governments may try to impose their views onto the rest of the world through regulations and censorship. It will be a sad day when the world must adjust its views to conform to that of the most prudish regulatory government. If too many regulations are inac ted, then the Internet as a tool will become nearly useless, and the Internet as a mass communication device and a place for freedom of mind and thoughts, will become non existent. The users, servers, and parents of the world must regulate themselves, so as not to force government regulations that may stifle the best communication instrument in history. If encryption catches on and becomes as widespread as Zimmerman predicts it will, then there will no longer be a need for the government to meddle in the Internet, and the biggest problem will work itself out. The government should rethink its approach to the censorship and encryption issues, allowing the Internet to continue to grow and mature. Works Cited Emler-Dewitt, Philip. Censoring Cyberspace: Carnegie Mellons Attempt to Ban Sex from its Campus Computer Network Sends A Chill Along the Info Highway. Time 21 Nov. 1994; 102-105. Lehrer, Dan. The Secret Sharers: Clipper Chips and Cypherpunks. The Nation 10 Oct. 1994; 376-379. Let the Internet Backlash Begin. Advertising Age 7 Nov. 1994; 24. Levy, Steven. The Encryption Wars: is Privacy Good or Bad? Newsweek 24 Apr. 1995; 55-57. Miller, Michael. Cybersex Shock. PC Magazine 10 Oct. 1995; 75-76. Wilson, David. The Internet goes Crackers. Education Digest May 1995; 33-36. Zimmerman, Phil. (1995). Pretty Good Privacy v2.62, Online. Available Ftp: net-dist.mit.edu Directory: pub/pgp/dist File: Pgp262dc.zip Words/ Pages : 3,044 / 24 What is Art? Argumentative Essay

Trash Andy Mulligan Sample Essay Example For Students

Trash Andy Mulligan Sample Essay Topic sentence quality conventionExamples/evidence context quotation marksExplanation of illustrationsReasoning sentence Olivia Weston is the impermanent house female parent at Behala’s Mission School and she has been characterised as a compassionate person who wants to do a difference to the children’s lives. Olivia’s compassionate nature is revealed chiefly through her ideas and behavior. Part manner through the fresh Olivia recounts her trip to Colva Prison with the male childs. She begins this subdivision explicating how she â€Å"fell in love† with the Behala kids and the â€Å"eyes looking at me. and the smiles† ( p. 78 ) . She goes on to portion that sing â€Å"the mountains of rubbish. and the children†¦ is a thing to alter your life† ( p. 78 ) . Olivia’s ideas instantly place the reader to understand the deepness of her fondness for the Behala kids and her desire to care for them. We will write a custom essay on Trash Andy Mulligan Sample specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Her compassionate nature is farther reinforced through her behavior when she helps the male childs visit the prison. In fact. non merely does she move as their bodyguard. she pays for their new apparels even though the â€Å"prices stunned † . and she pays for the cab menu even though she â€Å"gulped when saw the meter† ( p. 83 ) . Clearly. Olivia does whatever she can to assist the male childs. despite the fact that they achieve their ends at her disbursal. Word picture via ideas and behavior has positioned the reader to see Olivia as a compassionate person. whose admirable qualities frequently result in her being manipulated by those she most attentions for.Topic sentence value agree/disagreeExamples/evidence context quotation marksExplanation of illustrationsExamples/evidence passageExplanation of illustrationsConcluding/linking sentence One of the cardinal values promoted in Trash. which strongly aligns with my ain belief system. is ‘community’ and an grasp for the support that communities offer. Valuing one’s community is presented through Raphael and his traumatic experience at the constabulary station. When he returned to Behala the â€Å"whole vicinity came out† because when â€Å"one of their Numberss is hurt. everyone feels the wound† ( p. 79 ) . Raphael is thankful for the community’s attention and compassion. and it helps him retrieve from the incident and go on to work out the Jose Angelico enigma. As a instructor. I invariably experience the benefits of belonging to a strong school community. At the minute in WA. the province authorities is cutting funding from public instruction and instructors will be involved in industrial action. My school’s board has endorsed the teachers’ actions and requested that pupils and parents get behind us excessively. I am thankful for their support because we will non be successful if we do non hold a united voice. and this speaks to why I value the thought of community. On this juncture. my values align with the values promoted in Trash. but this is non the instance when it comes to swear.

The New Town policy in the UK has been a failure Essays

The New Town policy in the UK has been a failure Essays The New Town policy in the UK has been a failure Paper The New Town policy in the UK has been a failure Paper The original concepts of new towns date back from1799 and New Lanark on the banks of the river Clyde by Robert Owen. It was built as an industrial town with houses for the workers in the cotton mills. The next main historical event in the development of new town policy comes from Ebenezer Howard and his theory of Garden Cities. He published a book called Garden Cities of Tomorrow, this lead to the building of Letchworth in 1903 and Welwyn Garden City in 1919. After the Second World War Sir Patrick Abercrombie put forward a proposal to build 10 satellite towns beyond Londons green belt. These mainly to be built north of London although a few (Crawley and Bracknell etc) were built south of London. This lead to the passing of the new town act in 1946. This allowed for the provision of 28 new towns, 8 of them within 30 miles of London and the rest scattered around the UK. The new towns were chosen for their location, e.g. Bracknell (built in 1949) was 28 miles west of London and 18 miles from Heathrow. Its site was chosen in favour of White Waltham as it was close to an airfield and there was suitable land available. The end of the new towns act was in 1977, and meant that new towns stopped being built. Those that were currently under construction such as Milton Keynes were continued until they were completed, 1992 for Milton Keynes. The act was withdrawn because it was felt that although the new towns were being filled they were just drawing people from the inner cities, and hence the inner cities were starting to decline. At this point the government decided to completely reverse its policy and actively try to improve the inner cities, an example being the comprehensive overhaul of the London Docklands. Purpose of New Towns In order to assess whether new town policy has been a success we must look at the purpose for the development of new towns. This can be split into five main subsections: They were originally proposed as over-spill towns from London, intended to re-house the population from inner cities in a series of slum clearances after the second world war had destroyed much of London. Areas such as the Docklands and Canary Wharf are key areas that were cleared in order that they might be redeveloped. The displaced population was relocated in the new towns such as Bracknell, Crawley and the new town of East Kilbride taking people from the slums of Glasgow, namely the Gorbals. In order that the towns might become self-sufficient it was intended that industry and business would relocate to the new towns. In order to encourage them to move incentive schemes were instigated and premises built so that companies could move, housing close to the factories and offices were also provided so that they could take their workforce with them. New towns were also built to try and promote areas with untapped resources. Towns such as Corby were founded and housing built to support the industry around it. This meant that the inhabitants had a job laid out for them when they moved to their new house. However when the resource runs out the town is left without its main source of employment and so the number of people who are jobless rises sharply. New towns were seen as a way of allowing people to settle in remote areas that had low population densities. Around Newtown in mid Wales for example there were originally only small towns and villages as well as a few farms. Newtown meant that a new trunk road was built and attracted large multinational companies like Laura Ashley (subsequently relocated) and other distribution firms. The fifth and final reason for the development of new towns is to revitalise run down areas. This happened in Peterlee and Washington in the North of England. In much the same ways as other new towns were built they were constructed with housing groups and industry to provide jobs as well as incentives to attract the companies. Evidence The new town policy was discontinued in 1977. There are a number of possible reasons for this: * It may be that no more housing is required and hence building more new towns would just lead to an over provision for housing and cause house prices to fall and lead to large scale negative equity, thus forcing the country into a recession. * It may have been felt that the new towns were expanding too quickly and not respecting green-belt land. Consequently the act was stopped with the thought that this would preserve some of the open land. * Inner cities were felt to be declining as the general trend was to re-house people from these inner city areas as so they were not having the investment made in them. Areas such as the London Docklands and Canary Wharf are obvious examples of areas that have since benefited from the change in policy concerning new towns. The new town policy has been criticised for having been a failure; some have argued that because the early new towns were built with the houses first in an attempt to relocate as many people as possible as quickly as possible, jobs for those who moved were not provided. This lead to a large percentage of the population of the early new towns being out of work and unemployed, leading to a stigma being attached to the new towns as areas for the lower classes. This was changed in later new towns as for example in Milton Keynes where industry moved with a certain amount of workforce, as well as a Central Business eXchange (CBX) being built and a large shopping complex in the centre with provision for parking all around the outside. New towns that built up around a particular resource soon collapsed when the resource ran out, for example in Corby an industry was set-up around the steelworks providing many hundreds of jobs for the inhabitants of Corby. This however was the main source of employment in the town and so when the resource (iron ore) ran out the industry had to close, causing the loss of those many hundreds of jobs. This problem was one inherent in the construction of a town with just one main source of employment and can only be catered for by ensuring that either the employment continues or that there is some other form of employment for the town. Corby was therefore learnt from and the later new towns did not have one sole industry. A fundamental problem with the new towns was the policy of creating socially mixed housing. Whilst it was understood that houses of all sizes should be created in order to cater for all it was felt that areas of socially mixed housing would be a good idea. However the people living in the houses did not want to be in areas of either socially or ethnically mixed housing. Thus managers did not want to be living next to the factory floor workers. However the new towns were built in small neighbourhoods around each other. This meant that it was not necessary to take the car in order to purchase convenience goods such a milk and bread. With a good network of pleasant paths it is possible to go entirely by foot or by bike. The networks of roads in a new town are quite often laid out geometrically. In Milton Keynes for example the road are spaced at one kilometre intervals and at 90à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ to each other, this thereby creates a traffic grid which allows cars and buses to move along with the minimal amount of hassle. It is however in this that yet another problem with new towns lies: It relies heavily on the car. To use Milton Keynes again as an example the central shopping centre has many hundreds of car park spaces, but is surrounded firstly by the car park, then by a ring of industry, and only then does the first set of housing start. This means that anyone who wants to go shopping but does not have a car is forced to use public transport, as it is impossible to go to the shops and carry the purchases back. The building of new towns has allowed for some radical rethinks into the way that houses are built and positioned. Energy saving houses that lose less than 1% of their heat to the surroundings by the use of heat exchanges and solar panels have been developed in some new towns, setting the way for further housing. Finally the new town policy has created towns that are fairly well countrified, and although they are often lumps of concrete in the middle of green open areas they are well countrified. With millions of trees having been planted for instance in Milton Keynes it will ensure that the surroundings are pleasant for the inhabitants. So has the policy of new towns been a failure or a success. To recap we have the problems of inner cities becoming dilapidated, social housing areas, lack of jobs, collapse of industry and the reliance on the car. Beside this there are the positive points of the development of futuristic housing, re-housing of slums, relocation of business out of the city centres, promotion of new resources and the revitalisation of remote and run down areas. We can therefore conclude that although new towns have many disadvantages the policy was right to try and move people away from the slums but should have redeveloped those areas immediately so that they did not fuel the cycle. The implementation of well structured new towns with adequate services and networks is a much better alternative to an unplanned urban sprawl which we see starting to spread its way across Englands countryside.

Proteins Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Proteins - Essay Example Enzymes can be defined as catalysts that cause a chemical reaction to process at a quicker pace. For instance, oxygen is a catalyst for fire. Enzymes are the catalysts of biological and chemical processes that are related to a variety of natural processes occurring in human beings. This includes a wide range including the formation, decomposition and rearranging of molecules to provide the individual with the energy and essential substances needed to live and function. Without enzymes however, these processes would occur far too slowly for proper metabolism. Enzymes are composed of amino acids. This combination of amino acids is usually referred to as a protein. Many refer to enzymes as special proteins that are biologically active or contain energy. It is because of this energy releasing element that enzymes are able to perform its work. Nevertheless, enzymes cannot be classified alongside other proteins. Once the enzyme no longer possesses energy, it will fail in its function as a catalyst and is now equal to any other general protein in the body. Enzymes are classified under several key groups. These include Proteases that help breakdown proteins, Lipases that help decompose lipids and fats, Amylases that help break down carbohydrates and finally Cellulases that break down the vegetative matter called cellulose. Further enzymes can also be classified as digestive enzymes, food enzymes, metabolism enzymes, etc. Food enzymes are introduced to the body via the oral intake of foods. However, food in this crude form manifests only necessary enzymes to digest that particular food item, which is usually not sufficient for storing in the body for use at a later time. It should be added that the process of cooking and processing (as done in mass produced foods) depletes the food of all its enzyme content. In this context, enzyme therapy comes as a boon for all those aspiring to prolong their natural lives. By understanding the core

The Role of Visitors Attractions to the Success of the South Bank Assignment

The Role of Visitors Attractions to the Success of the South Bank - Assignment Example South Bank of the River Thames in London has numerous of the best-recognized attractions and is a large place to spend at least a day of the holiday. The South Bank lies near the River Thames, which stretches under the Tower Bridge, Westminster Bridge, and 212 other bridges. It was enthused by the 1951 Festival of Britain subsequent to post-war austerity and to commemorate the anniversary of the 1851 Great Exhibition held by Queen Victoria. South bank is the biggest single-run arts center in the earth and consists of Royal Festival Hall, The London Eye, The National Theatre, Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre, Gabriel's Wharf and Tate Modern Art Gallery. (Bell, 2010). Visitor attractions symbolize a complex division of the tourism business and are the catalytic focus for the growth of tourism services and infrastructure. As this area develops, there are still numerous queries to be answered and problems to be recognized such as what visitor attractions really are, what forces drive t heir growth, who visits them and why, how they are managed and funded, and what the various day-to-day challenges are regarding their marketing and management. â€Å"A visitor attraction is a valuable addition to a holiday experience in an area. It can provide the vital component which is ‘something-to-do’ in the locality† (Visitor Attraction n.d para.1). With a cultural and artistic melting pot, growing day by day, glittering riverside sights at night, South Bank is one of London’s most exciting and vibrant destinations. Best recognized for being in the vicinity of so many of London’s major and prime attractions, South Bank is also just opposite to the Houses of Parliament, â€Å"a mere stroll from Covent Garden and the Tate Modern and home to the London Eye, the Imperial War Museum and the renowned Royal Festival Hall† (South Bank, 2011, para.1). The South bank Centre includes the Hayward art gallery and also Queen Elizabeth Hall. Part of t he achievement and success of the region have attributed to the high levels of access to public transport. There are several major railway terminals near and on both sides of the river, which include Charing Cross, Waterloo, Blackfriars and the London Underground scheme, from west to east, at Waterloo, Westminster, Blackfriars, Embankment, and Southwark. (South Bank, City Hall- London 2012). Critically evaluate how these attractions have contributed to the success of the South Bank. The designing concept behind the South Bank is bringing together various buildings, connected by the general denominator of their idea: culture. Cultural tourists desire to enjoy exhibitions and concerts, to test local food and study about local ethnicity, to enjoy the ambiance of a place. â€Å"London’s South Bank hosts some of the world’s premier cultural facilities and has long been frequented by many kinds of people: local residents, workers, tourists, and commuters, as well as music, theatre, and museum-goers† (Waterloo: South Bank, 2012, para.1). South Bank cites once more advantage of  its location, which is their main factor of success, in relation to Covent Garden and London’s Houses of Parliament, by the appeal that city iconic images propose; the possibility to have an attractive cultural experience as it mentions the London’s, cultural heart.

Assessment and Development Essay Example for Free

Assessment and Development Essay 1. What is a competency? What are its characteristics? How is it different from Job Description? Competency: Competencies refer to skills or knowledge that leads to superior performance. These are formed through an individual/organization’s knowledge, skills and abilities and provide a framework for distinguishing between poor performances through to exceptional performance. Competencies can apply at organizational, individual, team, and occupational and functional levels. Competencies are individual abilities or characteristics that are key to effectiveness in work. Some examples of competencies required by the employees are: 1. Adaptability 2. Commitment 3. Creativity 4. Motivation 5. Foresight 6. Leadership 7. Independence 8. Emotional Stability 9. Analytical Reasoning and 10. Communication Skills Characteristics of Competencies ? ? ? ? ? ? Competencies are the characteristics of a manager that lead to the demonstration of skills and abilities, which result in effective performance within an organizational area. The best way to understand performance is to observe what people actually do to be successful rather than relying on assumptions pertaining to trait and intelligence. The best way to measure and predict performance is to assess whether people have key competencies. Competencies can be learnt and developed. They should be made visible/accessible. They should be linked to meaningful life outcomes that describe how people should perform in the real world 3|P a ge Common difference Competencies Job Description. Competencies †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Underlying characteristic of a person’s inputs. Clusters of knowledge, attitudes and skills. Generic knowledge motive, trait, social role or a skill. Personal characteristics. Set of skills, related knowledge and attributes. On the other hand, Job Description †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Superior performance in a given job, role or a situation. Individual’s ability to perform. Linked to superior performance on the job. Contribute to effective managerial performance. Successfully perform a task or an activity within a specific function or job. 4|P a ge 2. What are the different types of competencies? What is their relevance? 1. Behavioral Competency: Behaviors, knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics that contribute to individual success in the organization ? ? ? Can apply to all (or most) jobs in an organization or be specific to a job family, career level or position For example:- teamwork and cooperation, communication Focus on the person 2. Technical or functional Competency: Specific knowledge and skills needed to be able to perform one’s job effectively ? ? ? Job specific and relate to success in a given job or job family For example:- knowledge of accounting principles, knowledge of human resource law and practice Focus on the job A trainer requires a different set of competencies than an accountant, and a teller requires a different set than a maintenance worker. If there are different levels within the same position, then each job level might also have its own set of vertically derived competencies 3. Core Competency: ? ? A core competency is defined as an internal capability that is critical to the success of business. These are organizational competencies that all individuals are expected to possess. These competencies define what the organization values the most in people. For example:- an organization might want each individual to possess teamwork, flexibility and communication skills. 5|P a ge 4. Threshold competency: ? ? The characteristics required by a jobholder to perform a job effectively are called threshold competencies. For the position of a typist it is necessary to have primary knowledge about typing, which is a threshold competency. 5. Differentiating competency: ? ? The characteristics, which differentiate superior performers from average performers, come under this category; such characteristics are not found in average performers. Knowledge of formatting is a competency that makes a typist to superior to others in performance, which is a differentiating competency. 6|P a ge 3. What is the difference between Assessment Centre and Development Centre? Differences between Assessment and Development centers Assessment centers usually ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Have a pass/fail criteria are geared towards filing a job vacancy address an immediate organizational need have fewer assessors and more participants involve line managers as assessors have less emphasis placed on self-assessment focus on what the candidate can do now are geared to meet the needs of the organization assign the role of judge to assessors place emphasis on selection with little or no developmental feedback and follow up give feedback at a later date involve the organization having control over the information obtained have very little pre-centre briefing tend to be used with external candidates. Development centers usually ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? do not have a pass/fail criteria are geared towards developing the individual address a longer term need have a 1:1 ratio of assessor to participant do not have line managers as assessors have a greater emphasis placed on self-assessment focus on potential are geared to meet needs of the individual as well as the organization assign the role of facilitator to assessors place emphasis on developmental feedback and follow up with little or no selection function 7|P a ge ? ? ? ? give feedback immediately involve the individual having control over the information obtained have a substantial pre-centre briefing tend to be used with internal candidates 8|P a ge 4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Assessment Centre and Development Centre? Assessment Centers: Assessment centers consist of a number of exercises designed to assess the full range of skills and personal attributes required for the job. Advantages: ? Assessment centers map the next level challenges and simulate them in exercises. This raises the validity of the assessment tool. The old way of evaluating the person based on past performance does not work many times, as the challenges of the next level are different from the challenges in the existing position. Assessment centers not only help the organization in placing the right candidate for the right job/assignment but also help in developing the participants. When participants see others handling the same exercise differently, it gives them an insight into their own performance thereby raises the credibility of the selection procedure. It appeals to the lay person’s logic and therefore is regarded as a fair means of assessment by the participants. Assessment Centers can be customized for different kinds of jobs, competencies and organizational requirements. They are far more accurate than a standard recruitment process as they allow a broader range of selection methods to be used during the process. They enable interviewers to assess existing performance as well as predict future job performance. They give the opportunity to assess and differentiate between candidates who seem very similar in terms of quality on paper. They give the candidates a better insight into the role as they are tested on exercises, which are typical for the role they have applied for. They help employers build an employer brand. Candidates who attend assessment centers which genuinely reflect the job and the organization are often impressed by that company, even if they are rejected. The cost of an assessment centre is usually cheaper compared with the potential cost of many recruitment phases and the cost of recruitment errors. 9|P a ge ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? They are a fair process – they complement an organization’s diversity agenda and ensure that people are selected on the basis of merit alone. Disadvantages: ? ? ? ? ? Assessment Centers are very costly and time consuming. Assessment Centers requires highly skilled observers as the observers may bring in their own perceptions and biases while evaluating. Those who receive poor assessment might become de-motivated and might lose confidence in their abilities. New recruits with high expectations can feel disappointed if the assessment centre has encouraged them to believe the job or organization fits their values if, in fact, it does not. If you haven’t defined the key competencies prior to the event and a way to measure these competencies you will only be able to compare candidates on anecdotal details.

Oil: It’s Benefits and Downfalls :: Oil Movie Film Essays

Oil: It’s Benefits and Downfalls Our country utilizes an average of 700 million gallons of oil per day (NOAA, 2002). We are a country heavily dependent on oil. The film, which is about the important resource of oil, begins at Midway Sunset, the largest oil producing field in California. It is also the â€Å"largest oil-producing field in the continental United States.† In November of 1909, Midway Sunset had great success with the â€Å"Midway Gusher.† This gusher poured out 2000 barrels of oil a day, which was an astounding amount in 1909 (San Joaquin Geological Society, 2000). The film begins with Midway Sunset and its use of seismology, the science of earthquakes, and the drilling of oil wells. Also, the film talked about steam injection, a form of secondary recovery for oil. This method is used to pump oil that is difficult to extract. Steam injection works by the injection of steam into a reservoir to decrease oil viscosity, or thickness. This method, working at a high heat, allows the oil to be pumped more easily. The transportation of oil is a tricky process. The oil must be transported without any leakage into the surrounding area. The oil may be transported to global markets (by ship) or local markets, but either way, it is a difficult process. The oil is carried in large cargoes, which is good economically, but not environmentally. Undesirable results such as volatile emissions may leak into the atmosphere, causing pollution. (Lecture 2/22/02) However, one way, that the film stated, to decrease pollution is to convert to natural gases. Other problems with transportation are oil spills. Oil spills occur when â€Å"tankers, barges, pipelines, refineries, and storage facilities† leak oil into the environment. Spills can be as large as 11 million gallons, the number spilled in the Exxon-Valdez spill (NOAA, 2002). Oil spills damage the surrounding human, animal, and plant life, which is why it is a pressing problem. Different kinds of tankers can attribute to pollution.

Online Resort Reservation and Billing System Essay

1. Pelagianism is a theological theory named after Pelagius (AD 354 – AD 420/440), although he denied, at least at some point in his life, many of the doctrines associated with his name. It is the belief that original sin did not taint human nature and that mortal will is still capable of choosing good or evil without special Divine aid. This is still sometimes called Limited Depravity. Thus, Adam’s sin was â€Å"to set a bad example† for his progeny, but his actions did not have the other consequences imputed to original sin. Pelagianism views the role of Jesus as â€Å"setting a good example† for the rest of humanity (thus counteracting Adam’s bad example) as well as providing an atonement for our sins. In short, humanity has full control, and thus full responsibility, for obeying the Gospel in addition to full responsibility for every sin (the latter insisted upon by both proponents and opponents of Pelagianism). According to Pelagian doctrine, because humans are sinners by choice, they are therefore criminals who need the atonement of Jesus Christ. Sinners are not victims; they are criminals who need pardon. 2. Arianism was a Christian heresy first proposed early in the 4th century by the Alexandrian presbyter Arius. It affirmed that Christ is not truly divine but a created being. The fundamental premise of Arius was the uniqueness of God, who is alone self-existent and immutable. The Son, who is not self-existent, cannot be God. 3. Donatism was a Christian sect within the Roman province of Africa that flourished in the fourth and fifth centuries. It had its roots in the social pressures among the long-established Christian community of Roman North Africa (present-day) Algeria and Tunisia, during the persecutions of Christians under Diocletian. The Donatists (named for the Berber Christian bishop Donatus Magnus) were members of a schismatic church not in communion with the churches of the Catholic tradition in Late Antiquity.

The Next Three Years Performance - 1287 Words

In the research, the next three years performance is estimated by different stage. Generally speaking, the first stage will be only the next year 2016, which is basic on the average historical performance. The second stage will be 2017 and 2018, the growth is assumed to keep about 9.6 % per year. In addition, all the figures in this part are calculated by Danish Kroner. Basic on the last five years’ income statement, sales in Novo Nordisk will increase from DKK 107927 million in 2015 to DKK 134004 million in 2018. However, the operating profit might decrease from 2015 and the operating margin will also decrease relatively. On the other hand, the net income and net margin will rise to DKK 46900 million during the future three years. This is because the operating cost in Novo Nordisk will has an unusual increase in the future, which should be concerned. As the graph shows, the finance situation presented a fluctuated change during the past five years. It may has a stable growth from DKK 9933 million in 2016 to DKK 14928 million in 2018. Debt in this graph is assumed only long-term debt that is zero, which is the reason why the leverage is zero during the past five years. According to the disclosure of Novo Nordisk’ balance sheet, the book value per share has an improving trend from 2011 to 2018, expect 2016. The cash flow per share will also increase in the future three years. Although it is difficult to accurate analyze the reason why the book value will decrease in 2016, itShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Traditional Massage Post Resistance Training On The Next Day Performance1465 Words   |  6 Pagestraditional massage post resistance training on the next day performance. This was tested by using the males of the age between 18 and 22 year old who have been involved in the resistance training programs. The advantage of this study is that traditional massage post resistance training helps in improving recovery. 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